MANDARIN EXAMINATION S‎YSTEM DURING GIA LONG AND MINH MỆNH DYNASTIES

Abstract

Under the monarchy of Vietnam in general and the reign of King Gia Long and King Minh Menh in particular, the review for the classification, promotion, punishment and reward of officials were always paid close attention. Besides setting the method, order and time, Gia Long and Minh Menh always emphasized the criteria of talent and virtue when assessing achievements. On the one hand, the regulations on officials’ review obliged them to the state but on the other hand motivated them to devote. Referring to the review system for officials during that time will help to learn some valuable lessons for the assessment of civil servants today.